Introducing Sources in Your Paper
The following are useful examples of introductions to summaries, paraphrased content, and quotations. Consider what your source is saying to determine which is best to use in each instance. How you introduce sources will signal to your reader how it fits into your writing. (Use quotation marks only when directly quoting from your source.)
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Framing Your Sources
Let your reader know why you’re citing a source. Surround your in-text sources with the answer to at least one of these questions. In just one or two sentences, you can show that you understand your topic enough to have authority to write about it.
*Created by Broward College North Campus Library (2016) including content modified from Gerald Graff and Cathy Birkenstein, They Say, I Say: The Moves that Matter in Academic Writing (New York: WW Norton & Company, 2009).
Best Practice: Compose your abstract after you have finished writing your paper. The abstract should provide a clear, thorough summary of the content of your paper. Naturally, if you've not finished writing it yet, summarizing it in abstract form will be quite tricky!