What are citations?
What do citations include?
Why do we cite sources?
What should you cite?
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MLA (Modern Language Association) style is most commonly used to write papers and cite sources within the liberal arts and humanities.
If you are asked to use MLA format, be sure to consult a copy of MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers, located in McQuade Library's reference collection:
The Purdue Online Writing Lab (OWL) is the gold standard for online tools to teach you about citations and formatting.
From the website you can learn to:
In your citation, the elements should be listed in the following order:
Each element should be followed by the corresponding punctuation mark shown above.
The general format for any MLA citation:
APA (American Psychological Association) style is most commonly used to write papers and cite sources within the social sciences.
If you are asked to use APA format, be sure to consult the Publication manual of the American Psychological Association, located in McQuade Library's reference collection:
The Purdue Online Writing Lab (OWL) is the gold standard for online tools to teach you about citations and formatting.
From the website you can learn to:
APA Tips:
This guide provides advice for creating citations to manuscript materials held in Special Collections. In general, citations should provide sufficient detail for locating items. Each citation should include information that will identify the specific item used. Arrange this information in the following three categories:
Description of item:
Location information:
Identify the repository:
Sample Citations:
The following citations are expanded from the footnote formats recommended in The Chicago Manual of Style (SEE BELOW for more information on Chicago Style citation formatting).
Letter:
L. Brezhnev to J. William Fulbright, July 7, 1973. J. William Fulbright Papers, series 48, subseries 16, box 42, folder 3. Special Collections, University of Arkansas Libraries, Fayetteville.
Diary, Memoir, Etc.:
Mary Bacon Bond, commonplace book, May 4, 1836. Martin Family Papers (MC 859), series 2, box 1, folder 8.Special Collections, University of Arkansas Libraries, Fayetteville.
Report:
Institute of Distribution, "The Case for--the Case Against: The Utterback-Robinson-Patman Bill," 34-36. Joseph Taylor Robinson Papers, series 9, subseries 2, box 215, folder 4.Special Collections, University of Arkansas Libraries, Fayetteville.
Oral History:
Mrs. Alice West, interview by Mary Celestia Parler, December 11, 1954, "Fourth of July and Christmas Customs," transcript. Folklore Collection, box 3, folder 32.Special Collections, University of Arkansas Libraries, Fayetteville.
Musical Composition:
Florence Price, Symphony in E Minor, orchestral score. Florence Price Papers (MC 988), series 2, subseries 4, box 3, folder 5.Special Collections, University of Arkansas Libraries, Fayetteville.
Literary Draft:
John Gould Fletcher, poem, "I Had Scarcely Fallen Asleep." John Gould Fletcher Papers, series 1, subseries 1, box 3, folder 24.Special Collections, University of Arkansas Libraries, Fayetteville.
Photographs:
Photograph of Daisy Bates with John F. Kennedy at the White House. Daisy Bates Papers (MC 582), series 4, subseries 4, box 9, photograph number 57.Special Collections, University of Arkansas Libraries, Fayetteville.
Photograph by J. Laurence Charlton of a migrant worker family. J. Laurence Charlton Collection, group 3, number 12.Special Collections, University of Arkansas Libraries, Fayetteville.